There is very little dispute about the emissions associated with combustion of fossil fuels and the differences between them: CO₂ emissions per unit of energy produced from gas are around 40% lower than coal and around 20% lower than oil. However, there is much less consensus over the indirect emissions on the path from oil or gas production to final consumer, in particular the level of methane emissions that can occur – whether by accident or by design – along the way.

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