Global energy-related CO2 emissions increased by 1.1% in 2023, reaching a new record high of 37.4 billion tons (Gt) (IEA, 2024). This represents an increase of 410 million tons (Mt) compared to the previous year, which saw an increase of 490 Mt (1.3%). Coal was responsible for approximately 70% of the increase in global emissions from energy combustion in 2023, contributing 270 Mt to the overall total (IEA, 2024). At the sector level, transportation experienced the greatest rise in emissions, increasing by nearly 240 Mt across the globe. The power sector followed closely behind with a significant regional variance, as emissions in advanced economies lessened while those in emerging markets and developing economies grew. Nevertheless, the power sector maintains its position as the leading emitter among all sectors (IEA, 2024).