Hydrogen evolution is a cornerstone of clean energy, playing a pivotal role in producing hydrogen fuel. However, traditional catalysts like platinum are prohibitively expensive, driving the need for alternatives. Transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides, such as NiPS₃, present a promising option due to their unique structure. Yet, their natural limitations—low catalytic activity and basal plane inertness—have stalled practical applications. These challenges highlight the need for innovative defect engineering to unlock their full potential.

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